Scholars and the public are well aware of the ethically controversial nature of euthanasia, artificial nutrition and hydration, and embryonic stem cell research. Moral theologians have extensively analyzed these issues, and religious leaders have publicly made them tests of orthodoxy. Literature on death and dying is therefore the main concern of this article, which also covers the literature on economic exclusion from adequate care at the end of life, low availability of hospice care, and inequities in global health resources.