Christian reflection on the morality of anger must address Jesus’ words in Matthew 5:22: “whoever is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment.” One interpretation of this passage found in the Christian tradition relies on what is called here the “person/sin distinction”: anger at persons is sinful, while anger at sin is permissible. The article traces this distinction’s use from Augustine to Aquinas, both to display a living textual tradition at work and to contribute to the broader question of the possibility of virtuous Christian anger.